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The physical layer

AI infrastructure

AI infrastructure comprises chips, cloud, data centers, energy and manufacturing: the physical layer constraining cost, scale and sovereignty.

Central question

Which physical resources constrain AI expansion?

Current answer

Models depend on a scarce and concentrated chain: accelerators, cloud capacity, power grids, cooling, land and advanced manufacturing.

What we track

  • chips and accelerators
  • cloud and data centers
  • energy and manufacturing

Second-order signals

  • cooling and power grids
  • custom hardware
  • supply dependencies

Semantic relationship

AI infrastructure determines the cost, scale and sovereignty of models.

Dossiers building this analysis6 dossiers

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